
1) American invention
Found on
https://www.crosswordclues.com/clue/torino-scale

The Torino Scale is a method for categorizing the impact hazard associated with near-Earth objects (NEOs) such as asteroids and comets. It is intended as a communication tool for astronomers and the public to assess the seriousness of collision predictions, by combining probability statistics and known kinetic damage potentials into a single threa...
Found on
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torino_Scale

The official scale for quantifying the Earth impact hazard of near-Earth asteroids and comets, known collectively as near-Earth objects (NEOs). It was introduced at an International Conference on Near-Earth objects held in June 1999 in Torino, Italy, as a revised version of the 'Near-Earth Object Ha...
Found on
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/Torino_scale.html

Scale on which astronomers rate the threat to the Earth posed by a near-Earth object (NEO). The scale runs from 0 to 9 in whole numbers and depends on how likely the object is to collide with the Earth and the damage it would do in such a collision. The position of an object on the scale varies as knowledge of its orbit and nature develop. Most...
Found on
https://www.encyclo.co.uk/local/21221
No exact match found.